he grandfather of all search engines was Archie, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a student at McGill University in Montreal. The author originally wanted to call the program "archives," but had to shorten it to comply with the Unix world standard of assigning programs and files short, cryptic names such as grep, cat, troff, sed, awk, perl, and so on. For more information on where Archie is today, see: http://www.bunyip.com/products/archie/ ... Archie is short for "Archives" but the programmer had to conform to UNIX standards of short names. Archie - A long-established (read: antiquated) way to find files on the Internet, Archie is a system that gathers, indexes, and helps you find information anywhere on the Internet. Developed at McGill University, Archie started life as an indexed directory of files from archives. However, Archie is a slow boy, and his findings depend on how well maintained the Archie server he connects to is. Found files are retrieved using ftp (file transfer protocol).

Gopher is like FTP, but for documents instead of files. Gopher servers contain plain-text documents (no images, no hypertext) that can be retrieved. Archie's popularity had grown such that in 1993, the University of Nevada System Computing Services group developed Veronica(5) (the grandmother of search engines). It was created as a type of searching device similar to Archie but for Gopher files. Another Gopher search service, called Jughead, appeared a little later, probably for the sole purpose of rounding out the comic-strip triumvirate. Jughead is an acronym for Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation and Display, although, like Veronica, it is probably safe to assume that the creator backed into the acronym. Jughead's functionality was pretty much identical to Veronica's, although it appears to be a little rougher around the edges. Gopher - Named after a college mascot--and for its ability to "go for" information--Gopher is a text-based information retrieval system for the Internet. Equipped with a Gopher client, you can use Gopher servers to search databases around the globe for keywords or subjects. Because Web browsers include Gopher client capabilities, the Web is superseding Gopher for document retrieval. One advantage of searching with Gopher is that you can read stuff directly from the servers--no need to copy or save the files to your system first.

The popular public search engine, Excite, has roots that extend rather far back in the history of the web. Initially, the project was called Architext; it was started by six Stanford undergraduates in February 1993. Their idea was to use statistical analysis of word relationships in order to provide more efficient searches through the large amount of information on the Internet. Founders Mark Van Haren, Ryan McIntyre, Ben Lutch, Joe Kraus, Graham Spencer, and Martin Reinfried The five hackers and one political science major set off at once for the Stanford library to research the best way in which to fill the information search-and-retrieval void.

MetaCrawler was developed in 1995 by Eric Selburg, a Masters student at the University of Washington (the same place where WebCrawler was developed a few years earlier). Like WebCrawler, MetaCrawler soon grew too large for its university britches and had to be moved to another site.

Ask Jeeves The idea behind Jeeves was not to create yet another search engine or directory, but to offer a question-answering service -- a virtual online concierge. Accordingly, the service was named after P.G. Wodehouse's butler character "Jeeves."

Netscape, severely shaken and battered by Microsoft’s free release of a competing web browser (Internet Explorer), decided to concentrate on the new phenomenon of the intranet. Corporations wanted to use web technology to facilitate document sharing within their own corporate networks. These corporations also wanted to be able hide these documents from the rest of the web, yet provide their employees with the same search capabilities offered on the web. Search engine companies now had a market for their product, which initially capitalized on the advertising industry for revenue. Although there were a number of freely available search engines, corporations such as Digital Equipment and Infoseek capitalized on the lack of programmers who understood web administration and priced technical support and service into their commercial search engine packages.

Derived from a search engine developed at UC Berkeley. Inktomi was founded in 1996 by two University of California at Berkeley researchers Eric Brewer and Paul Gauthier. Working on a federally-funded project, the computer scientists developed a way to achieve supercomputing power at microcomputer prices. The company's name, pronounced "INK-tuh-me," is derived from a Lakota Indian legend about a trickster spider character. Inktomi is known for his ability to defeat larger adversaries through wit and cunning.

Running as a research project at Stanford University, Google has been online since late 1997. In mid 1999 recieved a $20 million dollar investment of seed capital that has helped it land the top spot on Netscapes Netcenter. Google offers some of the most unique results of any search engine. Using a system called PageRank, Google filters a large portion of the irrelevant results. It also has a builtin bias towards EDU and GOV sites that is a refreshing change from the other .com spam laden search engines.

Google is a variation of "googol," the mathematical term for a 1 followed by 100 zeros.

While the Open Directory Project is about as bland as you can get, its original name was much more colorful. Initially called NewHoo (or GnuHoo, a tip of the hat toward the open source movement that inspired the directory), it was renamed after the directory was purchased by Netscape, bowing to pressure from Yahoo. Yahoo's attorneys, it seemed, felt the original name was a bit too similar to its own. These days, the Open Directory is most commonly referred to by its initials, ODP.

Overture changed its name from GoTo on October 8, 2001. "Overture is an introduction, and we feel that's what we do as a company," said GoTo's chief operating officer Jaynie Studenmund at the time. "We also felt it was a sophisticated enough name, in case our products expand," a telling hint of the acquisitions of AlltheWeb and AltaVista in 2003.

Fast or AllTheWeb.com is owned and operated by Fast Search & Transfer ASA technologies. It went online in mid 1998 with one of the largest databases seen at that time. One of their mainstays has been the development of Multimedia specific search engines. They have one of the largest databases of FTP urls for mp3, wav, ra, and other multimedia filetypes available. They fed not only FTP search results but also webpage results to Lycos. The company was originally called Fast Internet Transfer. FAST is used as an acronym for Fast Search & Transfer. AlltheWeb took its name from the original mission of its creator, FAST Search and Transfer of Norway -- to provide the most comprehensive index of the world wide web.

Northern Light went online in the fall of 1997. NL currently has one of the largest databases on the internet in its directory by using its crawler Gulliver. This once potential star has never produced users and is generally ignored by webmasters as a source of referrals. Northern Light started in 1995 in the basement of an old mill building in Cambridge, Massachusetts. A year and a half later NorthernLight.com went online in August of 1997 with 30 employees.

Teoma means "expert" in Gaelic, a reference both to the search engine's ability to analyze the web in terms of local communities, and to the portion of its search results called "Resources: Link collections from experts and enthusiasts."

LookSmart is a double entendre, referring both to its selective, editorially compiled directory, and as a complement to users who are savvy enough to "look smart." LookSmart went online in Oct. 1996. It currently lists over 600,000 sites in its directory database. LookSmart provides categorized directory listings for AltaVista, HotBot and over 1000 internet access sellers (ISP's). LookSmart was funded by Reader's Digest until late 97 when a group of company investors bought out the RD share.